| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Oryzomys couesi ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Oryzomys couesi
''Oryzomys couesi'', also known as Coues' rice rat, is a semiaquatic rodent in the family Cricetidae occurring from southernmost Texas through Mexico and Central America into northwestern Colombia. It is usually found in wet habitats, such as marshes, but also lives in drier forests and shrublands. Weighing about 43 to 82 g (1.5 to 2.9 oz), ''O. couesi'' is a medium-sized to large rat. The coarse fur is buff to reddish above and white to buff below. The hindfeet show some specializations for life in the water, such as reduced ungual tufts of hair around the digits. It has 56 chromosomes. There is much geographic variation in size, proportions, color, and skull features. ''Oryzomys couesi'' is active during the night and builds nests of vegetation that are suspended among reeds about 1 m (3 ft) above the ground. It is an excellent swimmer and dives well, but can also climb in vegetation. An omnivore, it eats both plant and animal food, including seeds and insects. It breeds throughout the year; females give birth to about four young after a pregnancy of 21 to 28 days. The species may be infected by several different parasites and by two hantaviruses.
The species was first described in 1877, the first of many related species from the region described until the 1910s. In 1918, Edward Alphonso Goldman consolidated most into the single species ''Oryzomys couesi'' and in 1960 Raymond Hall united this taxon with its United States relative, the marsh rice rat (''O. palustris''), into a single widespread species; subsequently, many related, localized species retained by Goldman were also included in this taxon. After studies of the contact zone in Texas, where ''O. couesi'' and the marsh rice rat meet, were published in 1979 and underscored the distinctness of the two, they were again regarded as separate. Since then, some of the peripheral forms of the group, such as ''Oryzomys antillarum'' from Jamaica and ''Oryzomys peninsulae'' from the Baja California Peninsula, have been reinstated as species. Nevertheless, ''O. couesi'' as currently constituted is likely a composite of several species; a 2010 study, using DNA sequence data, found evidence to recognize separate species from the Pacific and eastern sides of the distribution of ''O. couesi'' and two additional species from Panama and Costa Rica. Generally, ''Oryzomys couesi'' is common and of no conservation concern, and it is even considered a plague species in places, but some populations are threatened.
==Taxonomy==
''Oryzomys couesi'' and at least six more narrowly distributed species with peripheral distributions together form the ''O. couesi'' group within the genus ''Oryzomys''. The eighth species of the genus, the marsh rice rat (''O. palustris'') is the only member of its own group〔Carleton and Arroyo-Cabrales, 2009, p. 117〕 (unless western populations are classified as a separate species, ''O. texensis'').〔Hanson et al., 2010, p. 342〕 ''Oryzomys'' previously included many other species, which were reclassified in various studies culminating in contributions by Marcelo Weksler and coworkers in 2006 that removed more than forty species from the genus.〔Weksler et al., 2006, table 1〕 All are placed in the tribe Oryzomyini ("rice rats"), a diverse assemblage of over a hundred species,〔Weksler, 2006, p. 3〕 and on higher taxonomic levels in the subfamily Sigmodontinae of the family Cricetidae, along with hundreds of other species of mainly small rodents.〔Musser and Carleton, 2005〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Oryzomys couesi」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|